top of page

Annotated Bibliographies

This article gave insightful evidence and situations related to concussions at the various sports performance level. The introduction of this article shares information about CTE, or Chronic Traumatic Encephalopahty, which is a degenerative brain disease found in many athletes who inquired several concussions. CTE is associated with memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, paranoia, impulse control problems, aggression, depression, and, eventually, progressive dementia (p. 1, Neumann). The NCAA and NFL are cracking down on aggressive hits by implementing rules and guidelines, while there is no such measures to protect the developing brains of high school athletes. The NFL’s rules mainly pertain to back to play decisions. Players who suffer from a concussion and still show signs and/or symptoms cannot return until they “have had neurological and neuropsychological testing completed and have been cleared by both the team physician and an independent neurological consultant” (p. 1, Neumann). The NCAA has revised their rules and policies on concussion management. They conclude that coaches as well as the athlete need to watch for impulsive force to they body that jolts the head in an unnatural position, and differences in the athlete’s behavior and ability to function (p.1, Neumann). The NCAA wants to insure the safety of their athletes, so they have devised a sheet for the coaching staff and athletes which states the severity of concussions. They advise all athletes to not hide concussions, but inform a coach or athletic trainer. Like any injury, concussions require time to heal, or permanent damage and even death could be a consequence. Next, there are only three states in the United States that implement concussions policies for high school athletics. However, they still are not strict in the steps that should be taken following the slightest hint of a concussion. Overall, this article highly stresses the importance of coaches, athletes, parents, and athletic trainers to recognize the severity of concussions and the repercussions if not properly treated. This article was printed in the Sports Journal. The author had twelve sources, which leads me to believe she was greatly informed on the topic. She might have been a little bias, but her arguments and information was very factual. She is very up-to-date on the current laws and policies for concussions at the NFL, NCAA, and high school level. This source is reliable, due to the fact I came across it on the credible source of Galileo. Overall, this article was well referenced, well documented, and presented the facts. I believe this article is a credible source. This article is perfect for my research. It adds important information I can use, and ideas I can grow off of. It shared rules and policies I did not know about, and that now I can gladly use to support my topic. This source was helpful, and correlated well with my topic. It shared what a concussion is, signs and symptoms, and even machines that can diagnosis them. This article will support the main ideas of my topic. The diagnosis of CTE is helpful to prove the seriousness of concussions, and protecting the brain. The handful of signs to look for us helpful for me to regurgitate that information in my presentation. The polices outlined in this article will help me prove steps do need to be taken to prevent concussions, as the high level sports realize. I am excited what this article offers, and it will strengthen my presentation.

Interview

 

1) How is important is communication?Communication is essential.

 

2) How do you communicate effectively with patients, and your nurses so everyone is on the same page?

I draw pictures for patients, and use a mixture of medical and lay terms. I make sure I spend quality time in the room with a patient and answer all questions and thoroughly explain everything. I speak and write stuff down for the nurses, I also make sure they understand everything.

 

3) Do you vary how you approach or speak to different patients?

Of course. Every person is different, and responds differently.

 

4) How important is bedside manner to you?

Very important! I make sure I treat all patients with equal respect through my actions and word choice. They amount of time I spend in each patient's room is to show them I care, and so they do not feel as if I do not value their time.

 

5) How serious are concussions?

Data is now proving concussions at a young age and the number of concussions lead to severe repercussions in the long run.

 

6) Should high school athletes and coaches learn the signs and symptoms of a concussion?

Yes! It is important a coach know if their player has a concussion, and how to treat that athlete.

 

7) What are some signs of a concussion?

Drowsiness, not thinking clearly, not being able to remember, dizziness, headache, blurry vision, sensitivity to light or noise, or more emotional.

 

8) What exactly is a concussion?

A traumatic injury to the brain when the brain is shaken inside the skull.

 

9) Are there different severities of concussions?

Yes.

 

10) What could a severe concussion lead to?Impaired motion, loss of speak, problems learning, or long lasting brain problems.

 

 

Head injuries should not be taken lightly due to the consequences they prove. “About 144,000 peopled aged 18 and younger are treated every year in the U.S. hospital emergency rooms for concussions”(the Editors 2012). Repetitive head injuries can cause memory problems, as seen by the study done by the NFL of retired football players. We also know minimal about risks and consequences of concussion among athletes entering high school. Male athletes in high school most often suffer concussion from activities such as: football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and wrestling, while female athletes in high school risk concussions when playing: soccer, lacrosse, and basketball. The percentage of young athletes seen in the ER for concussions and head injuries is on the rise. “Among people 19 and younger, 250,000 were treated in the emergency room for concussions... in 2009, up from 150,000 in 2001”(Neergaard 2013). However, there has not been substantial research and literature to know how child athletes’ long term health will be affected. “ One million U.S. children and teens play school or community sports, it is not clear how many suffer concussions, in part because many go undiagnosed”(Neergaard 2013). Scientists are not sure how the act of the brain knocking against the skull affects development. There is a worry about the effects of repeat concussions before a previous head injury has healed. If there is even a suspicion of a head injury, the player should be taken out of the activity and not be released until cleared by a professional. Many unanswered questions, concerns and research to be done stand in the medical field, but medical personnel can agree that all parents and coaches need to learn the symptoms and how to prevent these head injuries. While efforts to understand and prevent head injuries go on around us, my article stresses the importance of taking brain injury very seriously. This article deems credible. I located this article from Galileo, and looked up the magazine online. It is a world renown and highly trusted magazine. Over 144 Nobel Prize scientists have provided 234 articles for Scientific American, and it is also the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. However, it is slightly opinion biased and written by the Scientific American’s Board of Editors. This article was written in 2012 and contains relevant research and is current on brain injuries. The article includes a link to the CDC’s website to learn more about concussions. This article opened my eyes to the severity of brain injuries as it proving to do with many athletes, coaches, and parents. This source will be very helpful for my research and has given me a direction for this project. I also used another article I found from AP, the Associated Press. This article was very helpful and gave many facts and numbers to the reader. These aspects helped the reader grasp the severity of concussions. These two articles were integral in my understanding of concussions and how they affect athletes, which I can now use to offer awareness and knowledge to others.

 

 

 

 

Unschooled in Hard Knocks. (2012). Scientific American, 306(2), 10 Scientific American. Web. 

 

More Study Urged on Concussions in Young Athletes. (2013). The Associated Press. The Associated Press. Web.  

bottom of page